Ways with words page (123)
A. Find the words from the text which mean the following. The first letter has been given.
a. making you feel physically relaxed; pleasant to wear, sit on, etc. c……….
comfortable
b. having a degree from the university g……….
graduated
c. without being connected with or influenced by something or by each other i……………
independently
d. the introduction of new things, ideas or ways of doing something i……….
innovation
e. familiar with something, having read, seen or experienced it a……….
acquainted
f. a person who makes money by starting or running businesses, especially when this involves taking financial risks e………..
entrepreneur
g. an opportunity or a place for somebody to express their opinions publicly or make progress in a particular area p……..
platform
h. to use something, especially for a practical purpose u……….
utilize
B. The plural form of bacterium is bacteria. Irregular plural nouns are nouns that do not become plural by adding -s or -es, as most nouns in the English language do. Now, write the plural forms of the following nouns.
calf basis sheaf cactus
louse crisis person formula
ox fungus goose oasis
analysis curriculum appendix fungus
nouns plural
calf → calves
basis → Bases
sheaf → sheaves
cactus → cacti
louse → lice
crisis → crises
person → persons/people
formula → formulas/ formulae
ox → oxen
fungus → fungi / funguses
goose → geese
oasis → oases
analysis → analyses
curriculum → Curricula /curriculums
appendix → Appendices/ Appendixes
Answer these questions.
a. How did Mahabir Pun begin his lifelong journey in Nepal after coming back to Nepal from the US?
After coming back to Nepal from the US Mahabir Pun decided to stay in his home village Nangi of Myagdi district and to help villagers start a high school as a volunteer teacher. That was the beginning of his lifelong journey in Nepal.
b. Why didn't he want to work for other companies in the US or in Nepal?
To enjoy in his life, he wanted to work independently and do something on his own for the benefits of human beings. Therefore, he didn't want to work for other companies in the US or in Nepal?
c. Why did he involve in innovation?
He was involved in innovation due to the necessity to retain (keep) the most talented and innovative young people in Nepal for economic development.
d. What are the income-generating programmes that he helped to start?
Some of the income generating programmes that he helped to start are Yak farming, camping ground for the trekkers, cheese making, jam making, paper making, bee keeping, vegetable farming, handicraft making, fish farming etc.
e. Whose support is Pun getting to proceed with his campaign?
He is getting support from people and communities.
f. How have the developed countries become prosperous?
The developed countries have become prosperous because they have always given research and innovation the topmost priority for economic development and they are investing huge amount of money for that.
g. How can we keep the most talented and innovative people in Nepal?
By creating good opportunities and environment for the talented youths to stay and work in Nepal. We can keep the most talented and innovative people in Nepal.
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C. We use the past simple for past events or actions which have no connection to the present
E.g: I lost my keys yesterday.
We use the present perfect to talk about completed actions which have impacts to the present.
E.g: I’ve lost my key. I can’t find it anywhere.
E. Use the correct tense of the verbs in brackets.
a. I don't know where Muna is. …… (you/see) her?
I don't know where Muna is. Have you seen her ?
b. Janak …… (not/be) very well last week.
Janak was not very well last week.
c. Last night I …… (lose) my keys. So I stayed in my friend’s home.
Last night I lost my keys. So I stayed in my friend’s home.
d. I …… (lose) my keys. Can you help me look for them?
I have lost my keys. Can you help me look for them?
e. I …… (know) Jamuna for three years. We still meet once a month.
I have known Jamuna for three years. We still meet once a month.
f. She …… (live) in Sikkim when she was a child.
She lived in Sikkim when she was a child.
g. A: What’s wrong?
B: I …… (break) a glass.
I have broken a glass.
h. A: When …… (you/arrive)?
When did you arrive?
B: At 10 pm last night.
i. How long …… (you/know) Sarmila for?
How long have you known sarmila for ?
j. This is the first time I …… (drive) a car.
This is the first time I have driven a car.
D. We use both 'been (to)' and 'gone (to)' as the past participle of 'go', but with different meanings.
been - If you have visited a place on holiday and then returned you have been there.
E.g:- I’ve been to Muktinath.
Sarika is back home now. She has been to Jumla.
gone - If someone visits a place but has not come home they have gone there.
E.g:- Prem is on holiday. He has gone to Ilam.
Sarika is back home now. She has been to Jumla.
F. Use been or gone.
a. I’ve never …… to Japan.
I’ve never been to Japan.
b. Kalpana has …… to Korea. She may come back next year.
Kalpana has gone to Korea. She may come back next year.
c. A: Where’s Rachana?
B: She has …… to the shops.
She has gone to the shops.
d. Harina was here earlier but I think she has …… now.
Harina was here earlier but I think she has gone now.
e. Have you ever …… to London?
Have you ever been to London?
Unit-4-History-and-Culture All grammar.
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