Unit 8 Humour and Satire A Few Kind Words for Superstition All Grammar

A. Match the following. 

a. transcendental          i. to feel or express strong disapproval of (something) 

b. deplore                     ii. a charm or fetish used by some West African peoples 

c. absolve                     iii. natural state 

d. juju                          iv. spiritual, nonphysical or mystical 

e. crude                       v. a  written record of historical events 

f. chronicle                 vi. set free from blame, guilt, or responsibility; release  

Answer 

a. transcendental          iv. spiritual, nonphysical or mystical 

b. deplore                     i. to feel or express strong disapproval of (something) 

c. absolve                     vi. set free from blame, guilt, or responsibility; release 
      
d. juju                           ii. a charm or fetish used by some West African peoples 
        

 e. crude                       iii. natural state 
         

f. chronicle                   v. a  written record of historical events 

B. Find the contextual meanings of the following words from the text and then use them in sentences of your own.
 condemn - निन्दा गर्नु -  I never condemn anyone's work.
 

 terror - आतंक,डर - The terror of corona is increasing day by day.
 

unbidden - अनावश्यक- (unwanted)- The unbidden guests eat a lot.
 

persist - जारी राख्नु -  If the demand persisted the government would fulfill their demand. 

devout - धार्मिक- Devout people don't like criticism of God

banish -हटाउनु - She could banish her anxieties from her thoughts.

creed - धर्म - Some people blindly follow their creed

hasten - हतार गर्नु - They hasten to bless a newly born child. 
          

sober - गंभीर- looking at her sober face he could not speak much.

scorn - तिरस्कार - He scorns the emotionless society.

yearning - इच्छुकता - His yearning to know the truth can put him in danger

aloof - अलगै, एक्लो - Don't be aloof stand together.

swarthy-  कालो रांगको -  That  swarthy child won the match yesterday.
          

humbler - नम्र -  He was humbler and gentle

 Comprehension 

Answer these questions.

a. According to the author, what are the four types of superstition?  

a. The four types of superstition according to the author are :

i)Vain Observance (useless tradition e.g. -  not walking under a ladder.)
ii)Divination, or consulting oracles (prediction e.g. - using the I Ching to tell a fortune) 
iii)Idolatry (worshipping of an idol,  objects or images, such as statues)

iv)Improper Worship ("bribery of the Deity", or basically trying to pay off God to get what you want)

b. Which language is the word 'superstition' derived from? What does it mean?

The word superstition derives from Latin supersisto. It means to stand in terror of the Deity. 

c. How do psychologists understand superstition? 

          

According to psychologists superstition is rooted so strongly  in us that we cannot remove it only just by calling it a compulsion neurosis. (mental disorder)

         

 d. How does superstition differ from religion? 

Superstition means to follow some concepts related to luck or to avoid  misfortune or bad luck. In religion we follow certain types to rules, value and morals and worship a particular  God 

( you can write your own answer)

 e. What is the belief of some people in the Middle Europe about sneezing? 

Some peoples of Middle Europe believe that when a man sneezes, his soul, for that  moment, is absent from his body, and they hasten to bless him, otherwise the soul be seized by the Devil.

f. In the author’s view, why are people so fascinated about superstition?

In the author’s view people are so fascinated about superstition due to their desire to know their fate.

 B. Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or present continuous.

 a. Nisha  …… (speak) English very well.

   speaks

 b. Hurry up! We …… (wait) for you. 

    are waiting

c. Excuse me! …… (you/speak) English? 

   do you speak

d. She …… (have) a shower in bathroom. 

    is having

e. How often …… (you/read) a newspaper? 

    do you read

f. I'm sorry, I …… (not/understand). Can you speak more slowly? 

   don't understand

g. You can turn off the radio. I …… (not/listen) to it. 

    am not listening 

h. I usually …… (get up) at 5 o'clock every morning. 

    get up

i. Look! The river …… (flow) very fast. 

  is flowing

j. Amrita …… (not/seem) very happy at the moment.

  does not seem 

C. Are the underlined verbs in the correct form? Correct them where necessary.

 a. Water boils at 100° C. 

     correct 

b. The water boils. Can you turn it off? 

    The water is boiling. Can you turn it off? 

c. I must go now. It gets late. 

    I must go now. It  is getting late. 

d. This sauce's tasting really good. 

   This sauce tastes really good.

e. I’m thinking this is your key. 

     I think this is your key. 

f. Are you believing in God? 

    Do you believe in God? 

g. I usually go to school on foot. 

    correct 

h. Look! That man tries to open the door of her car. 

    Look! That man is trying to open the door of her car. 

i. The moon is going round the earth. 

   The moon goes round the earth. 

j. I'm getting hungry. Let's go and eat.

   correct  

Speaking page (78)

Suggesting and advising

B. Study these expressions of giving advice. 

a. You should stay at home. 

b. Why don’t you stay in bed? 

c. You ought to put on your glasses. 

d. You’d better invite her to your birthday party. 

e. If I were you, I’d ask her. 

f. It’d be a good idea to use a pencil. 

C. What would you suggest to your friends in the following situations? 

a. Your friend lost his/her pen.  

    He should buy a new one.

b. Ramila is weak in Mathematics. 

    She should take tuition class.

c. Pardip has a headache. 

    He ought to take rest.

d. Your friend is getting fat.  

    He'd better avoid oily food

e. Mukesh wants to dance but he can't. 

    He should join dance class.

D. What would you advise to Muna in the following situations? 

Example: Muna: I'm sleepy. 

You : You should/ought to drink a cup of tea. 

a. I'm hungry.   You ought to eat fruits.

b. I'm cold.  You should drink warm water.

c. I can't control my temper. You ought to do meditation.

d. I have hiccups.  You should eat sugar.

e. I can't get to sleep at night. You should visit the doctor.

Unit 4 History and Culture, Qin Dynasty, class 11-Compulsory English, grammar exercises

A. Match the words with their meanings. (question)

a. brevity                i. the state of being alike

b. conquest             ii. a member of an uncivilized group of people or culture 

c. resemblance       iii. state of being noble in character, quality, or rank 

d. barbarian             iv. liquid that is believed to cure all ills

 e. ally                     v. lasting only for a short time 

f. nobility                vi. cruel 

g. ruthlessness        vii. victory over a place or people by use of military force 

h. decimation          viii. the killing or destruction of a large number of a population 

i. harsh                    ix. character of having no pity or compassion 

j. elixir                 x. one state united to another by a treaty or a league for a military purpose

 A. Match the words with their meanings. Answers

a. brevity            v. lasting only for a short time

b. conquest         vii. victory over a place or people by use of military force

c. resemblance    i. the state of being alike

d. barbarian         ii. a member of an uncivilized group of people or culture

e. ally                  x. one state united to another by a treaty or a league for a military purpose                    

f. nobility            iii. state of being noble in character, quality, or rank

g. ruthlessness     ix. character of having no pity or compassion

h. decimation     viii. the killing or destruction of a large number of a population

i. harsh-              vi. cruel

j. elixir               iv. liquid that is believed to cure all ills

B. Find the following words in the text and use them in sentences of your own.

invasion      disregard      paramount        populace       revolt       assassination        serfdom

i) invasion (attack)   -   She was annoyed at his invasion.

 

ii) disregard  -  ( to pay no attention to)  - He disregarded her advice.   

iii) paramount  - most important -  Unemployment was the paramount issue in the election.  

iv) populace   - population -  Why is the populace of the world increasing ?   

v) revolt  -    विद्रोह -    A revolt will force the government to shut down.

vi) assassination  -   murder  -  he tried to assassinate the president .     

vii) serfdom -  slavery  -  In 1722 serfdom was abolished.

Grammar (page 39)

A. Read this paragraph and classify regular and irregular verbs in the bold face. 

About 771 BCE, a barbarian invasion drove the Zhou rulers eastwards. During this 

time, the state of Qin became responsible for guarding the western frontier and they

 gradually moved eastward and eventually occupied the original Zhou domains. Thus, 

the Qin became a close ally of the Zhou and they also had marriage relations with the Zhou ruling class. King Ping of Zhou (r. 770-720 BCE) transferred titles of the nobility and huge estates to the chief of Qin.

 

Regular verbs - moved, occupied, transferred

Irregular verbs - drove, became, had 

B. Complete the texts below using the correct past forms of the verbs from the bracket. 

a. The Maya established a very advanced civilization in the jungles of the 

    Yucatan. However, their culture……………. (disappear) by the time 

    Europeans first …………… (arrive) in the New World.

b. When I ………(turn) on the radio yesterday, I ……….(hear) a song that 

      was popular when I    ……(be) at the basic level of my study. It ……….. 

      (take) me back to some old memories.

 

c. I was looking for a job. I……….(apply) for a job last week. Fortunately, 

    I…… (get) it and now I am a job holder.

Answers:

a) had disappeared, arrived

b) turned, heard, was, took

c) applied, got

C. Choose the correct words from the list and complete the sentences with the correct verb form.

 

         teach         write         see            get up           throw             cost 

      a. Newton…saw……….an apple falling from the tree. 

   

      b. Ramesh Bikal…wrote…..many popular stories. 

   

       c. My jacket is expensive. It……cost….me Rs 5000. 

      

      d. She…got up….early in the morning yesterday. 

     

      e. When I was small, my father…taught…..me at home. 

    

       f. Why did you… throw ….the cap away?

D. Put the verb into the correct form and complete the sentences. 

     

     a. I went to see the film, but I…didn't enjoy..it. (not/enjoy)

     b. I…met…..Rojina in town in a few days ago. (meet) 

     c. It was very warm, so I…took off…..my coat. (take off) 

     d. Though the bed was very comfortable, I…I didn't sleep……very well. (not/sleep) 

     e. I ......started..... new job last week. (start) 

     f. He ......was....... too busy in the office yesterday. (be) 

    g. Nita…invited…. her to the party, but she didn’t come. (invite)