Unit 8 Humour and Satire A Few Kind Words for Superstition All Grammar

A. Match the following. 

a. transcendental          i. to feel or express strong disapproval of (something) 

b. deplore                     ii. a charm or fetish used by some West African peoples 

c. absolve                     iii. natural state 

d. juju                          iv. spiritual, nonphysical or mystical 

e. crude                       v. a  written record of historical events 

f. chronicle                 vi. set free from blame, guilt, or responsibility; release  

Answer 

a. transcendental          iv. spiritual, nonphysical or mystical 

b. deplore                     i. to feel or express strong disapproval of (something) 

c. absolve                     vi. set free from blame, guilt, or responsibility; release 
      
d. juju                           ii. a charm or fetish used by some West African peoples 
        

 e. crude                       iii. natural state 
         

f. chronicle                   v. a  written record of historical events 

B. Find the contextual meanings of the following words from the text and then use them in sentences of your own.
 condemn - निन्दा गर्नु -  I never condemn anyone's work.
 

 terror - आतंक,डर - The terror of corona is increasing day by day.
 

unbidden - अनावश्यक- (unwanted)- The unbidden guests eat a lot.
 

persist - जारी राख्नु -  If the demand persisted the government would fulfill their demand. 

devout - धार्मिक- Devout people don't like criticism of God

banish -हटाउनु - She could banish her anxieties from her thoughts.

creed - धर्म - Some people blindly follow their creed

hasten - हतार गर्नु - They hasten to bless a newly born child. 
          

sober - गंभीर- looking at her sober face he could not speak much.

scorn - तिरस्कार - He scorns the emotionless society.

yearning - इच्छुकता - His yearning to know the truth can put him in danger

aloof - अलगै, एक्लो - Don't be aloof stand together.

swarthy-  कालो रांगको -  That  swarthy child won the match yesterday.
          

humbler - नम्र -  He was humbler and gentle

 Comprehension 

Answer these questions.

a. According to the author, what are the four types of superstition?  

a. The four types of superstition according to the author are :

i)Vain Observance (useless tradition e.g. -  not walking under a ladder.)
ii)Divination, or consulting oracles (prediction e.g. - using the I Ching to tell a fortune) 
iii)Idolatry (worshipping of an idol,  objects or images, such as statues)

iv)Improper Worship ("bribery of the Deity", or basically trying to pay off God to get what you want)

b. Which language is the word 'superstition' derived from? What does it mean?

The word superstition derives from Latin supersisto. It means to stand in terror of the Deity. 

c. How do psychologists understand superstition? 

          

According to psychologists superstition is rooted so strongly  in us that we cannot remove it only just by calling it a compulsion neurosis. (mental disorder)

         

 d. How does superstition differ from religion? 

Superstition means to follow some concepts related to luck or to avoid  misfortune or bad luck. In religion we follow certain types to rules, value and morals and worship a particular  God 

( you can write your own answer)

 e. What is the belief of some people in the Middle Europe about sneezing? 

Some peoples of Middle Europe believe that when a man sneezes, his soul, for that  moment, is absent from his body, and they hasten to bless him, otherwise the soul be seized by the Devil.

f. In the author’s view, why are people so fascinated about superstition?

In the author’s view people are so fascinated about superstition due to their desire to know their fate.

 B. Put the verb into the correct form, present simple or present continuous.

 a. Nisha  …… (speak) English very well.

   speaks

 b. Hurry up! We …… (wait) for you. 

    are waiting

c. Excuse me! …… (you/speak) English? 

   do you speak

d. She …… (have) a shower in bathroom. 

    is having

e. How often …… (you/read) a newspaper? 

    do you read

f. I'm sorry, I …… (not/understand). Can you speak more slowly? 

   don't understand

g. You can turn off the radio. I …… (not/listen) to it. 

    am not listening 

h. I usually …… (get up) at 5 o'clock every morning. 

    get up

i. Look! The river …… (flow) very fast. 

  is flowing

j. Amrita …… (not/seem) very happy at the moment.

  does not seem 

C. Are the underlined verbs in the correct form? Correct them where necessary.

 a. Water boils at 100° C. 

     correct 

b. The water boils. Can you turn it off? 

    The water is boiling. Can you turn it off? 

c. I must go now. It gets late. 

    I must go now. It  is getting late. 

d. This sauce's tasting really good. 

   This sauce tastes really good.

e. I’m thinking this is your key. 

     I think this is your key. 

f. Are you believing in God? 

    Do you believe in God? 

g. I usually go to school on foot. 

    correct 

h. Look! That man tries to open the door of her car. 

    Look! That man is trying to open the door of her car. 

i. The moon is going round the earth. 

   The moon goes round the earth. 

j. I'm getting hungry. Let's go and eat.

   correct  

Speaking page (78)

Suggesting and advising

B. Study these expressions of giving advice. 

a. You should stay at home. 

b. Why don’t you stay in bed? 

c. You ought to put on your glasses. 

d. You’d better invite her to your birthday party. 

e. If I were you, I’d ask her. 

f. It’d be a good idea to use a pencil. 

C. What would you suggest to your friends in the following situations? 

a. Your friend lost his/her pen.  

    He should buy a new one.

b. Ramila is weak in Mathematics. 

    She should take tuition class.

c. Pardip has a headache. 

    He ought to take rest.

d. Your friend is getting fat.  

    He'd better avoid oily food

e. Mukesh wants to dance but he can't. 

    He should join dance class.

D. What would you advise to Muna in the following situations? 

Example: Muna: I'm sleepy. 

You : You should/ought to drink a cup of tea. 

a. I'm hungry.   You ought to eat fruits.

b. I'm cold.  You should drink warm water.

c. I can't control my temper. You ought to do meditation.

d. I have hiccups.  You should eat sugar.

e. I can't get to sleep at night. You should visit the doctor.