Unit 1 Education and Humanity : Education First : MalalaYousafzai
“The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet.” - Aristotle
Reading
Ways with words
A. page no.(7)
A. Find the words from the text which mean the following.
a. a messenger or representative, especially one on a diplomatic mission
envoy
b. the state or quality of being worthy of honor or respect
dignity
c. harm done to someone in response to harm
revenge
d. a person who holds extreme views in political or religious matters
extremist
e. sympathetic pity and concern for the sufferings or misfortunes of others
compassion
f. a person who is believed to speak for God
prophet
g. the study of the nature of knowledge, reality and existence
philosophy
h. the use of physical force so as to injure, abuse, damage or destroy
violence
i. an unreasonable dislike of a particular group of people or things
prejudice
B. Match the words on the left with their opposite meanings on the right. (question)
a. honour i. kindness
b. innocent ii. literacy
c. brutality iii. guilty
d. forgiveness iv. disgrace
e. illiteracy v. punishment
Answer:
a. honour i. disgrace
b. innocent ii. guilty
c. brutality iii. kindness
d. forgiveness iv. punishment
e. illiteracy v. literacy
C. Using dictionary
Dictionary contains at least three forms of information about a word: pronunciation,
word class and meaning.
Look at the following dictionary entry of the words ‘humanity’ and ‘humanize’ (Oxford
Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 9th edition):
humanity/hjuːˈmænəti/ noun1 [U] people in general: He was found guilty of crimes against
humanity. 2 [U] the state of being a person rather than a god, an animal or a machine: The story
was used to emphasize the humanity of Jesus. united by a sense of common humanity3 [U] the
quality of being kind to people and animals by making sure that they do not suffer more than is
necessary; the quality of being humane: The judge was praised for his courage and humanity.
OPP inhumanity 4(the) humanities [pl.] the subjects of study that are about the way people think and behave, for example literature, language, history and philosophy: The college offers a
wide range of courses in the arts and humanities.
humanize(BrE also -ise) /ˈhjuːmənaɪz/ verb~sth to make sth more pleasant or suitable for people;
to make sth more HUMANE: These measures are intended to humanize the prison system.
a. Study the dictionary entry above and answer these questions. (page no - 8)
i. What is the headword in the first entry?
humanity is the headword in the first entry.
ii. How many meanings of the word ‘humanity’ are given?
There are four meanings of the word 'humanity' given.
1) people in general
2) the state of being a person rather than a god, an animal or a machine
3) the quality of being kind to people and animals by making sure that they do not suffer more than is necessary; the quality of being humane
4) the subjects of study that are about the way people think and behave, for example literature, language, history and philosophy
iii. What do the abbreviations U, OPP, pl, and sth stand for?
The abbreviations U, OPP, pl, and sth stand for:
U - uncountable
OPP - opposite
Pl- plural
sth- something
iv. What is the British English spelling of ‘humanize’?
humanize(BrE also -ise) humanise
v. How is the word ‘humanize’ pronounced?
vi. If we say Every person should have the sense of humanity, which meaning
of ‘humanity’ is applied?
the
quality of being kind to people and animals by making sure that they do not
suffer more than is necessary; the quality of being humane
b. Arrange the following words in alphabetical order.
i. advance
analysis amuse assure allergy attain aid anxiety acute agreement
acute advance agreement aid allergy amuse analysis anxiety assure
attain
ii. smoke small smart speaking
smelling smoothly smuggler smashed smearing smallpox
small smallpox smart smashed smearing smelling smoke smoothly
smuggler speaking
iii. terminal terminate terminology
termite terms terrace terrible terribly territory terror
terminal terminate terminology termite terms terrace terrible
terribly territory terror
c. Make a list of five new words from the reading text. Using a dictionary,
write their meanings and use the words in sentences of your own.
Compassion –करुणा(pity) – He has shown extreme
compassion towards injured people.
Envoy- प्रतिनिधि, दूत (ambassador) – King's envoy
conducted the programme very well.
Prejudice- पूर्वधारणा (preconception) – Every person must
remove prejudices about different countries.
Extremist- उग्रवादी, अतिवादी – (a person who holds extreme
political or religious views, especially one who advocates illegal, violent, or
other extreme action.) Due to extremists lots of countries are still suffering a lot.
Shield- कवच (armor) – Everyone has to shield
oneself with unity and togetherness.
Comprehension (8)
Answer the following
questions.
a. Why did the speaker receive thousands of good-wishes cards and
gifts from all over the world?
On
the 9th of October 2012, the Taliban shot her on the left side of her forehead.
She was seriously injured; therefore, for her fast recovery, she
received thousands of good-wishes cards and gifts from all over the world.
b. According to the speaker, what are hundreds of human rights
activists and social workers struggling for?
According
to the speaker, hundreds of human rights activists and social workers are
struggling for achieving their goals of education, peace and equality.
c. What has she learnt from Gandhi?
She has learnt the philosophy of non- violence from Gandhi Jee.
d. In what sense is peace necessary for education?
In many parts of the world wars and conflicts stop children to go to their schools. Therefore, peace is necessary for education.
e. According to the speaker, what are the main problems faced by both men and
women?
Poverty, ignorance, injustice, racism and the deprivation of basic rights are the main problems faced by both men and women.
f. What is Malala calling upon all governments?
Malala is calling upon all
governments to ensure free compulsory education for every child all over the
world, to fight against terrorism and violence, and to protect children from
brutality and harm.
g. What is the main message of this speech?
There
must be schools and education for every child’s bright future. Education is the
most powerful weapon to fight against illiteracy, poverty, injustice and
terrorism.
One
child, one teacher, one pen and one book can change the world.
Education
is the only solution. Education first.
Grammar
Word classes
A. Word class refers to the category of words of similar form or function.
Another name of word class is a parts of speech. In the text below,
certain words are underlined. While you read, try to identify which
word class they belong to.
Most governments around the world have temporarily closed educational institutions
in an attempt to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. These nationwide
closures are impacting over 60% of the world’s student population. Some 1 billion
students and youth across the planet are affected by school and university closures
due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Several other countries have implemented localized
closures impacting millions of additional learners. UNESCO is supporting countries
in their efforts to mitigate the immediate impact of school closures, particularly for
more vulnerable and disadvantaged communities, and to facilitate the continuity of
education for all through remote learning.
The Global Education Coalition launched by UNESCO seeks to facilitate inclusive
learning opportunities for children and youth during this period of sudden and
unprecedented educational disruption. Investment in remote learning should both
mitigate the immediate disruption caused by COVID-19 and establish approaches to
develop more open and flexible education systems for the future. The Global Coalition
members and prospective members are encouraged to pledge for the protection of
learners’ personal information, privacy and security.
In the text, the underlined words belong to different word classes or parts of speech.
governments - noun
temporarily - adverb
affected - verb
and - conjunction
in - preposition
immediate - adjective
the - determiner
B. Classify the underlined words into different word classes.
a. The man who is wearing glasses is my uncle’s
friend.
who – relative pronoun
wearing - verb
my- possessive
determiner
A relative pronoun is one which is
used to refer to nouns mentioned previously.
b. I bought a round table in the supermarket.
‘
round - adjective
the - determiner
c. Alas,
she is dead.
Alas – interjection (interjection are used to express
sorrow, regret, compassion or grief.)
is - verb
d. Hari works very hard all
the time but his wife is very lazy.
hard – adverb
but - conjunction
wife - noun
very – adverb
adjectives are
used to provide additional information about a noun or a pronoun, i.e. people,
places, animals and things.
adverbs are
used to give extra detail about a verb, adjective or adverb.
e. I have never been to Japan.
never -adverb
to – preposition
